I-polyester ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana aphezulu atholwe yi-polycondensation ye-dibasic acid kanye ne-dibasic alcohol, futhi izixhumanisi zayo eziyisisekelo zamaketanga zixhunywe ngamabhondi e-ester.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemicu ye-polyester, njenge-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber, i-polypropylene terephthalate (PPT) fiber, njll. eyodwa, futhi isisindo samangqamuzana ngokuvamile silawulwa phakathi kuka-18000 no-25000. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana esiyinhloko simi kanje:
1. I-polyester (PET) fiber
Ucwaningo lwe-polyester lwaqala ngawo-1930.Yasungulwa abantu baseBrithani abafana no-whinfield no-Dickson.Ngo-1949, yenziwa izimboni eBrithani nango-1953 e-United States.Kungumkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemicu yokwenziwa eyakhula sekwephuzile, kodwa yathuthukiswa ngokushesha.
Isisindo samangqamuzana e-polyester singu-18000 ~ 25000, futhi izinga le-polymerization liyi-100 ~ 140. Ama-macromolecules anesakhiwo samakhemikhali esilinganayo.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ama-macromolecules kulula ukwenza amakristalu futhi isakhiwo se-fiber sihlangene.Ama-macromolecule e-polyester aqukethe izindandatho ze-benzene, okungama-macromolecules aqinile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, aqukethe amaketanga e-aliphatic hydrocarbon, okwenza ama-molecule aguquguquke.Awekho amanye amaqembu e-polar ku-macromolecule ngaphandle kwamaqembu amabili e-alcohol anqanyuliwe e-hydroxyl.Ngokuqukethwe kwe-ester ephezulu, i-hydrolysis kanye nokuqhekeka okushisayo kuzokwenzeka ekushiseni okuphezulu.I-polyester iyancibilika.Ingxenye yayo eyisiphambano iyindilinga, isiqondiso sayo se-longitudinal iyinduku yengilazi, futhi ukuminyana kwayo 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3.
E-China, i-fiber enokuqukethwe kwe-polyethylene terephthalate engaphezu kuka-85% ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyester, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Dacron".Kunamagama amaningi ezimpahla zakwamanye amazwe, njengokuthi “Dacron” e-United States, elithi “tetoron” eJapane, elithi “terlenka” e-United Kingdom, nelithi “lavsan” ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.
2. I-Cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) fiber
I-polyester elungisiwe (CDP) ingadaywa ngodayi be-cationic ngokwethula amaqembu ane-acidic angabopha odayi be-cationic kumaketanga e-PET molecular.I-CDP yasungulwa okokuqala yinkampani yaseMelika iDuPont.Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, okukhiphayo kwaba yi-1/6 yomkhiqizo ophelele we-PET fiber.Izinhlobo zayo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa i-dacron t64, i-dacron T65, njll. I-CDP ayinakho nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokudaya, kodwa futhi ingadaywa endaweni yokugeza efanayo ngemicu yemvelo efana noboya, elungele ukwenza lula inqubo yokudaya yezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe.Uma ihlanganiswe futhi ihlanganiswe ne-polyester evamile, ingase futhi ikhiqize umphumela ofanayo wombala ohlukile wokugeza, othuthukisa kakhulu umbala wezindwangu.Ngakho-ke, i-CDP isiphenduke inhlobo ethuthuka ngokushesha ye-polyester eguquliwe.I-CDP ilungiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokwengeza i-monomer yesithathu noma yesine, njenge-sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), ochungechungeni lwe-macromolecular yesilwane nge-copolymerization kanye ne-graft copolymerization.Njengoba iqembu le-sulfonic acid elikhokhiswa kabi lengezwe ku-CDP ye-molecular chain, lapho kudayiwa, ama-ion ensimbi eqenjini le-sulfonic acid azoshintshana nama-cations kudayi, ngakho-ke ama-ion wedayi azomiswa ku-CDP macromolecular chain.Usawoti okhiqizwa ukudaya uzosuswa ngokuqhubekayo kusisombululo esinamanzi, futhi ukusabela kuzoqhubeka.Ekugcineni, umphumela wokudaya uzotholakala.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-CDP ifana neyesilwane esifuywayo, esingahlukaniswa sibe ngokuqhubekayo kanye nezikhawu.Ngenxa yemithombo ehlukene yezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-CDP ingahlukaniswa ngomzila we-DMT kanye nomzila we-PTA.I-CDP ibhubhisa isakhiwo sokuqala se-fiber ngenxa yokwengezwa kwamaqembu amasha ochungechungeni lwe-macromolecular, okunciphisa iphuzu lokuncibilika, izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwengilazi kanye ne-crystallinity ye-fiber.Esifundeni se-amorphous, indawo ye-intermolecular iyakhula, okulungele ukudaya ama-molecule angena ku-fiber.Amandla e-CDP aphansi kunalawo e-polyester evamile, kodwa impahla yendwangu yokulwa namaphilisi iyathuthukiswa, futhi isibambo sithambile futhi sigcwele.Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza uvolo wezinga eliphezulu njengemikhiqizo.Ukudaywa kwe-CDP evamile kusadinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (120 ~ 140 ℃) kanye nengcindezi ephezulu noma ngaphansi kwesimo sokwengeza umthwali, ukuze kube nempahla yokudaya engcono.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ama-dyes, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi odayi abakhethiwe kufanele babe nokuzinza okungcono kokushisa.
3. Izinga lokushisa legumbi kanye ne-atmospheric pressure dyeable polyester (ECDP) fiber
I-ECDP ye-polyester edayikayo ekushiseni okuvamile nokucindezela ingalungiswa ngokungeza inani elincane le-monomer yesine ohlelweni lwe-polymerization yesilwane esivamile.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye yeketanga le-polyethylene glycol eguquguqukayo yethulwa ochungechungeni lwe-macromolecular yesilwane, okwenza ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana efayibha kukhululeke kakhulu futhi isifunda se-amorphous sibe sikhulu, okuvumela kakhulu ukungena kodayi be-cationic ku-fiber kanye nenhlanganisela. namaqembu amaningi e-sulfonic acid.Ngakho-ke, ingadaywa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile yokubilisa izimo zokudaya.Ifayibha ye-ECDP inokuzwakala kwesandla okuthambile nokugqokeka kangcono kune-CDP ne-PET fiber.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamandla ebhondi aphansi engxenye yesine ye-monomer polyethylene glycol, ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-ECDP fiber kuyancipha, futhi ukulahlekelwa amandla kwe-ECDP fiber kungaphezu kuka-30% ekushiseni kwe-ayina okungu-180 ℃.Ngakho-ke, indwangu eyenziwe nge-ECDP fiber kufanele inakekelwe ngokukhethekile ngemva kokwelashwa, ukuwasha noku-ayina.
4. PTT fiber
I-PTT fiber isifinyezo se-polypropylene terephthalate fiber.Abanye abantu phesheya babiza i-PTT nge-fiber enkulu yekhulu lama-21, futhi igama layo lokuhweba lithi "Corterra".
I-PTT, isilwane esifuywayo kanye ne-PBT kungomndeni we-polyester, futhi izakhiwo zabo ziyefana.I-PTT fiber inezici zazo zombili i-polyester nenayiloni.Kulula ukuyigeza futhi yome njenge-polyester, inokubuyiselwa okuhle kokunwebeka kanye nokumelana ne-crease, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokungcola, ukumelana nokukhanya nokuzwakala kwezandla.Inokusebenza kokudaya okungcono kune-polyester, futhi ingadaywa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ukungena kwedayi ku-PTT fiber kuphakeme kunokwesilwane esifuywayo, futhi ukudaya kufana nokushesha kombala kuhle.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenayiloni, i-PTT fiber nayo inokumelana nokugqoka okungcono kanye nokululama okuqinile, futhi inezici zokunwebeka okukhulu kanye ne-fluffy enhle, ngakho ifaneleka kakhulu ukwenza okhaphethi nezinye izinto.
5. Ifayibha ye-PBT
I-PBT fiber isifinyezo se-polybutylene terephthalate fiber.I-PBT fiber yenziwe nge-dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) noma i-terephthalic acid (TPA), impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko ye-polyester, ne-1,4 - butanediol.Imicu ye-PBT ilungiswe ngokuncibilika kokuphotha kwe-DMT kanye ne-1,4 - i-butanediol ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye ne-vacuum, kusetshenziswa i-organic titanium noma izinhlanganisela ze-tin kanye ne-tetrabutyl titanate njengama-catalysts.I-polymerization, ukuphotha, ubuchwepheshe be-post-processing kanye nemishini ye-PBT fiber ngokuyisisekelo iyafana naleyo ye-polyester.
I-PBT fiber inezici ezifanayo njengefayibha ye-polyester, njengamandla amahle, ukuwasha kalula nokomisa okusheshayo, usayizi ozinzile, ukugcinwa komumo omuhle, njll. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingxenye eguquguqukayo yeketanga layo le-macromolecular yinde, ngakho-ke iyaphuka futhi iyanwebeka, inokunwebeka okuhle, inoshintsho oluncane ekunwebekani ngemuva kokufudumeza, futhi izwakala ithambile.Enye inzuzo ye-PBT fiber ukuthi ukudaya kwayo kungcono kune-polyester.Indwangu ye-PBT ingadaywa ngamadayi ahlakazayo ngaphansi kwesimo sokubilisa ukudaya ngokucindezela komkhathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PBT fiber inokumelana nokuguga okuhle, ukumelana namakhemikhali nokumelana nokushisa.I-PBT fiber isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapulasitiki obunjiniyela, amagobolondo ezinto zasendlini nezingxenye zomshini.
6. I-fiber yepeni
I-pen fiber isifinyezo se-polyethylene naphthalate fiber.Njenge-polyester, i-pen fiber iyi-semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester material, eyethulwa ekuqaleni yinkampani ye-KASA yase-United States.Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza iwukuba i-transesterification ye-dimethyl 2,6 – naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) kanye ne-ethylene glycol (isb), bese kuba i-polycondensation;Enye indlela i-esterification eqondile ye-2,6 - i-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) ne-ethylene glycol (isb), bese kuba i-polycondensation.Ukuzinza okushisayo kwepeni kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elincane lezinhlanganisela eziqukethe ama-amine ephilayo kanye ne-organic phosphorus.
Inqubo yokuphotha ye-pen fiber ifana neye-polyester.Ukugeleza kwenqubo ithi: ukomiswa kwe-chip → ukuphotha ngesivinini esikhulu → ukubhala okusalungiswa.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwengilazi le-pen fiber liphakeme kunalelo le-polyester fiber, inqubo yokubhala kufanele ishintshwe ngokufanele.Ukwakhiwa kwamaphasi amaningi kufanele kwamukelwe futhi izinga lokushisa lokuhlelwa kufanele linyuswe ukuze kugwenywe ukuthikameza ikhwalithi yefayibha ngenxa yejubane elihamba kancane lokuma kwamangqamuzana.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyester evamile, i-pen fiber inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini nezokushisa, njengamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana okuhle kwe-tensile kanye nokuqina okuphezulu;Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, usayizi ozinzile, akulula ukukhubaza, ukuncipha kwelangabi okuhle;Ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali nokumelana ne-hydrolysis;Ukumelana ne-UV nokumelana nokuguga.
7. I-polyester filament emanzi neyomile
Ngokushintsha ukuma kwe-cross-section ye-fiber, igebe phakathi kwe-fibers eyodwa liyakhula, indawo ethile yanda, futhi umphumela we-capillary uthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwawo komswakama, ukuze wenze i-polyester filament emanzi neyomile.Indwangu ye-fiber ine-conductivity yomswakama omuhle kakhulu nokusebenza kokusabalalisa umswakama.Ihambisana ne-cotton fiber kanye neminye imicu emunca kahle umswakama.Ngesakhiwo senhlangano esinengqondo, umphumela uba ngcono.Izingubo zomile, zipholile futhi zikhululekile.Ifanele izingubo zezemidlalo ezinithiwe, amahembe alukiwe, izindwangu zezingubo zasehlobo, amasokisi e-polyester, njll.
8. High dehumidification ezine channel polyester fiber
I-Du Pont isungule i-TEFRA - i-polyester ye-fiber yesiteshi enamandla amahle kakhulu wokwehlukanisa.Kuyifayibha eqhuba umswakama ophezulu eyenziwe nge-hydrophobic synthetic fiber, engacisha izithukuthuku kusuka esikhumbeni esijuluke kakhulu kuye endaweni yendwangu ukuze kuphole kuhwamuka.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi iphesenti lokususa umswakama wefayibha kakotini lalingama-52% futhi lelo lamashaneli e-polyester fiber lalingu-95% ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30.Lolu hlobo lwefayibha lusebenza kahle kakhulu ezingutsheni zezemidlalo kanye nezingubo zangaphansi ezishisayo ezingasindi zempi, ezingagcina isikhumba somile futhi sinethezekile, futhi linokugcina ukushisa okuhle kakhulu nemisebenzi yobufakazi obubandayo.
9. I-polyester enezimbobo ezinezimbobo ze-fiber “wellkey”
Inhloso yokuthuthukiswa kuka-Wellkey ukuthatha umjuluko owuketshezi njengento yokuthola ukumuncwa komjuluko okuphelele nokomisa ngokushesha.I-Wellkey iyi-fiber engenalutho ye-polyester.Kusukela ebusweni bomucu, kunezimbotshana eziningi ezingena engxenyeni engenalutho.Amanzi aluketshezi angangena engxenyeni engenalutho esuka endaweni yefiber.Lesi sakhiwo se-fiber sihlose izinga eliphezulu lokumunca amanzi kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama.Enqubweni yokuphotha, i-ejenti ekhethekile eyenza izimbotshana yahlanganiswa futhi yahlakazwa ukuze yakhe isakhiwo se-fiber.I-fiber inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca umjuluko kanye nezici zokomisa ngokushesha, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu njengendwangu yamapitikoti, ama-tights, izingubo zezemidlalo, amahembe, izingubo zokuqeqesha, amajazi nezinye izingubo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokomisa ngokushesha kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokomisa, iphinde ibe nethuba elibanzi lokufaka isicelo emikhakheni engagqoki kanye nezinkambu zezokwelapha nempilo.
10. I-fiber ye-polyester enezinhlangothi ezintathu ezicijile
I-crimp fiber yokuqala enezinhlangothi ezintathu yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-polymer amabili anezakhiwo ezihlukene zokushwabana ngobuchwepheshe bokuphotha obuyinhlanganisela kanye nenqubo ethile yokupholisa.Ngemuva kokudweba, yakha i-crimp yemvelo ngenxa yomehluko ekunciphiseni.Inqubo yamanje yokulungiselela yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu, okungukuthi, yamukela ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile obunelungelo lobunikazi bomklamo we-eccentric spinneret hole, kuhlanganiswe nesistimu yokupholisa eyakha i-asymmetric kanye nenqubo ehambisanayo yokudweba nokubunjwa, I-fiber elungisiwe inezinga eliphezulu le-curl, i-curl yemvelo nengunaphakade. nokugcina imfudumalo enhle.Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zifaka izimbobo ezine, izimbobo eziyisikhombisa noma ngisho nezimbobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinemicu egobile.I-fiber eyi-dimensional crimped hollow isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugcwaliseni nasezinkundleni zefiber eshisayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2022