U-2021 ngunyaka womlingo kwaye ngowona nyaka unobunzima kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.Kulo nyaka, siye safumana amaza ovavanyo emva kwamaza ovavanyo olunje ngemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukuthutha elwandle, ukunyuka kwezinga lotshintshiselwano, umgaqo-nkqubo wekhabhoni kabini, kunye nokunqunyulwa kwamandla kunye nothintelo.Ukungena kowama-2022, uphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi lusajongene nezinto ezininzi ezingazinzanga.
Ukusuka kwimbono yasekhaya, imeko yobhubhane eBeijing naseShanghai iphinda iphindwe, kwaye ukuveliswa kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini kukwimeko engalunganga;Kwelinye icala, ukungonelanga kwemfuno yemalike yangaphakathi kunokunyusa ngakumbi uxinzelelo lwangaphandle.Kumazwe ngamazwe, uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-COVID-19 luyaqhubeka ukuguquka kwaye uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi lonyuke kakhulu;Imicimbi yezobupolitika yezizwe ngezizwe, imfazwe phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine, nokunyuka kabukhali kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo kuye kwazisa ukungaqiniseki okungakumbi kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwehlabathi.
Iyakuba yintoni imeko yentengiso yehlabathi ngo-2022?Amashishini asekhaya kufuneka aye phi ngo-2022?
Xa sijongana nemeko entsonkothileyo kunye neguquguqukayo, izahluko ze-Asia, iYurophu kunye neMelika "ze-global textile in action" uchungechunge lweengxelo zokucwangcisa ziya kugxininisa kwiindlela zokuphuhliswa kweshishini lempahla kumazwe nakwimimandla emhlabeni jikelele, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iimbono zaphesheya koontanga bempahla yasekhaya, kunye nokusebenza kunye namashishini ukoyisa ubunzima, ukufumana iindlela zokuchasana, kunye nokuzama ukufezekisa injongo yokukhula korhwebo.
Ngokwembali, ishishini lamalaphu laseNigeria libhekisa ikakhulu kumzi mveliso wakudala we-cottage.Ngexesha lophuhliso lwegolide ukusuka ku-1980 ukuya ku-1990, iNigeria yayidume kulo lonke elaseNtshona Afrika ngokukhula koshishino lwamalaphu, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka lama-67%, liquka yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ilaphu.Ngelo xesha, ishishini lalinobona matshini balukiweyo buphucukileyo, bodlula kude kwamanye amazwe akwi-Afrika ekwi-sub Saharan, kwaye isixa sisonke soomatshini bempahla belukiwe besodlula isixa samanye amazwe ase-Afrika akwi-Afrika ekwi-sub Saharan.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokudodobala kophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso eNigeria, ngakumbi ukunqongophala kombane, iindleko eziphezulu zenkxaso-mali kunye nobugcisa bemveliso obuphelelwe lixesha, ishishini lempahla elaphuweyo ngoku libonelela ngemisebenzi engaphantsi kwe-20000 yelizwe.Iinzame ezininzi zikarhulumente zokubuyisela ishishini ngomgaqo-nkqubo wezimali kunye nokungenelela ngemali nazo ziye zasilela ngokulusizi.Okwangoku, ishishini leempahla eNigeria lisajongene nemeko yeshishini elibi.
1.Iipesenti ezingama-95 zeempahla ezilukiweyo zivela eTshayina
Ngo-2021, iNigeria yangenisa iimpahla ezivela e-China ezixabisa iibhiliyoni zeedola ezingama-22.64 zeedola, ezibalelwa malunga ne-16% yazo zonke izinto ezingeniswa kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika zisuka e-China.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengwa kweempahla ezilukiweyo kumazwe angaphandle kwaba yi-3.59 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, nezinga lokukhula kwe-36.1%.INigeria ikwayenye yeemarike ezintlanu eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle kwiindidi ezisibhozo zaseTshayina zoshicilelo kunye neemveliso zokudaya.Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle uya kuba ngaphezu kweebhiliyoni zeemitha ezi-1, kunye nezinga lokukhula konyaka ngaphezu kwe-20%.INigeria igcina iwonga layo njengelizwe elikhulu lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nesibini ngobukhulu iqabane lorhwebo e-Afrika.
INigeria yenze iinzame zokusebenzisa i-African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa yeendleko zokuvelisa.Ngomsebenzi onguziro kwimarike yaseMelika ayinakukhuphisana namazwe aseAsia aza kuthumela ngaphandle e-US nge-10 lepesenti yomsebenzi.
Ngokwezibalo zeNigerian Textile Importers Association, ngaphezulu kwe-95% yeempahla ezilukiweyo kwimarike yaseNigeria zivela eTshayina, kwaye inxalenye encinci isuka eTurkey naseIndiya.Nangona ezinye iimveliso zithintelwe yiNigeria, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemveliso yasekhaya, azikwazi ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokuhlangabezana nemfuno yentengiso.Ke ngoko, abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle baye bamkela isiko lokuodola ukusuka eTshayina kwaye bangene kwimarike yaseNigeria ngeBenin.Ekuphenduleni, u-Ibrahim igomu, owayengumongameli we-Nigerian Textile Manufacturers Association (ntma), wathi ukuvinjelwa kweempahla kunye neengubo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle akuthethi ukuba ilizwe liya kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthenga iingubo okanye iimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Xhasa uphuhliso loshishino lwelaphu kunye nokunciphisa umqhaphu kumazwe angaphandle
Ngokweziphumo zophando ezikhutshwe yi-Euromonitor ngo-2019, imarike yefashoni yase-Afrika ixabisa i-31 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kwaye iNigeria ibalelwa kwi-4.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (i-15%).Kukholelwa ukuba ngokukhula kwabemi beli lizwe, eli nani lingaphucuka.Nangona icandelo lamalaphu lingasenalo igalelo elibalulekileyo kwingeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle lwaseNigeria kunye nokudala imisebenzi, kusekho amashishini amalaphu eNigeria avelisa amalaphu akumgangatho ophezulu kunye nefashoni.
INigeria ikwayenye yelizwe laseTshayina elihamba phambili kwiimarike zamazwe angaphandle ezintlanu kwiindidi ezisibhozo zeemveliso zokudaya nokuprinta, ezinomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ongaphezu kwe-1 bhiliyoni yeemitha kunye nezinga lokukhula konyaka ngonyaka elingaphezu kwama-20 ekhulwini.INigeria isaqhubeka ukuba lelona lizwe lithumela iChina likhulu e-Afrika kwaye likwisibini ngobukhulu iqabane lorhwebo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseNigeria uye waxhasa uphuhliso loshishino lwelaphu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuxhasa ukulinywa komqhaphu kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwekotoni kwishishini lelaphu.I-Central Bank yaseNigeria (CBN) yathi ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokungenelela kwishishini, urhulumente utyale imali engaphezulu kwe-120 yezigidigidi ze-naira kwi-cotton, i-textile kunye neempahla zexabiso lempahla.Kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zomzi-mveliso wokutshiza liza kuphuculwa ukuze lihlangabezane kwaye ligqithise iimfuno zelint kushishino lwelizwe olulukiweyo, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe ukuthengwa komqhaphu osuka kumazwe angaphandle.Umqhaphu, njengento ekrwada yeendwangu eziprintiweyo e-Afrika, i-akhawunti ye-40% yeendleko ezipheleleyo zokuvelisa, eziya kunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokuvelisa amalaphu.Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani zamalaphu eNigeria zithathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zobuchwephesha obuphezulu be-polyester staple fiber (PSF), umsonto owenziwe ngaphambili (POY) kunye nomsonto wefilament (PFY), zonke ezihambelana ngqo neshishini lepetrochemical.Urhulumente uthembise ukuba umzi-mveliso wepetrochemical weli lizwe uza kubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada efunekayo kwezi mizi-mveliso.
Okwangoku, imeko yeshishini lelaphu laseNigeria ayinakuphuculwa kungekudala ngenxa yemali engonelanga kunye namandla.Oku kukwathetha ukuba ukuvuselelwa kweshishini lelaphu laseNigeria kufuna intando eyomeleleyo yezopolitiko karhulumente.Ukutofela nje iibhiliyoni zeNaira kwingxowa-mali yokubuyisela amalaphu akwanelanga ukuvuselela ishishini lelaphu elidilikileyo elizweni.Abantu abakushishino lwaseNigeria bacela urhulumente ukuba enze isicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo ukuze akhokele ishishini lelaphu lelizwe kwicala elifanelekileyo.
————–Articale umthombo: CHINA TEXTILE
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2022