1.Sensory identification
(1) Mamunzira
Kutarisa kweziso:shandisa maitiro ekuona kwemaziso kutarisa kupenya, kudhaya, kushata kwepamusoro, uye maitiro ekuonekwa kwesangano, zviyo uye fiber.
Kubata ruoko:shandisa tactile effect yeruoko kuti unzwe kuoma, kutsetseka, roughness, fineness, elasticity, kudziya, nezvimwewo zvejira.Simba uye elasticity ye fiber uye yarns mumucheka inogonawo kuonekwa nemaoko.
Kunzwa uye kunhuwa:kunzwa uye kunhuwa kunobatsira kutonga zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvemamwe machira.Somuenzaniso, sirika ine ruzha rwakasiyana rwesilika;Ruzha rwekubvaruka rwemachira efiber akasiyana akasiyana;Kunhuhwirira kwema acrylic uye machira emvere kwakasiyana.
(2) Matanho mana
Danho rokutangandeyekutanga kusiyanisa mapoka makuru efiber kana machira.
Danho rechipirindeyekuenderera mberi kutonga marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekunzwa hwefiber mumucheka.
Danho rechitatundiko kuita mutongo wekupedzisira zvichienderana nehunhu hwekunzwa hwejira.
Danho rechinandeyekusimbisa mhedzisiro yemutongo.Kana mutongo usina chokwadi, dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa kuti dzionekwe.Kana kutonga kwakashata, kuzivikanwa kwekunzwa kunogona kuitwa zvakare kana kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira.
2.Combustion identification nzira
Kupisa maitiro ezvakajairwa textile fibers
① Cotton fiber, kupisa kana moto, kupisa nekukurumidza, kuburitsa yero murazvo uye kunhuwa;Pane chiutsi chichena chepfumbu, chinogona kuramba chichipisa mushure mekubva mumoto.Mushure mokudzima murazvo, pachine moto unopfuta, asi nguva yacho haisi refu;Mushure mekupisa, inogona kuchengetedza chimiro chevelvet, uye nyore kuputsika kuita dota rakasununguka kana yakabatwa neruoko.Dota racho ipfumbu uye hupfu hwakapfava, uye chikamu chakatsva chefiber chakasviba.
② Hemp fiber, inopisa nekukurumidza, inopfava, hainyungudike, haidonhedzi, inoburitsa yero kana yebhuruu murazvo, uye ine hwema hwehuswa hunopfuta;Siya murazvo uye ramba uchipisa nekukurumidza;Kune madota mashoma, muchimiro chechiedza chepfumbu kana chena mashanga madota.
③ Makushe haatsva nekukasika kana asangana nemurazvo.Inotanga kuderera, zvino inosvuta, uye ipapo fiber inotanga kupisa;Murazvo weorenji yero, uye kukurumidza kupisa kunononoka kupfuura yekotoni fiber.Paunenge uchisiya murazvo, murazvo unomira kubva pakarepo.Hazvisi nyore kuramba uchipisa, uye kune kunhuwa kwebvudzi rinopisa uye minhenga;Madota haakwanise kuchengeta iyo yepakutanga faibha chimiro, asi ndeye amorphous kana spherical inopenya nhema yebrown crisp zvidimbu, zvinogona kupwanywa nekutsikirira neminwe yako.Madota ane nhamba huru uye kunhuwa kwekutsva.
④ Sirika, inopisa zvishoma nezvishoma, inonyunguduka uye inomonereka, uye inonyura kuita bhora kana ichitsva, nekunhuhwirira kwebvudzi rinopisa;Kana ichibva mumurazvo, inopenya zvishoma, ichipisa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye dzimwe nguva inodzima;Grey ibhora rakasviba rakasviba crisp, rinogona kupwanywa nekutsikirira neminwe yako.
⑤ Hunhu hwekutsva hwefiber viscose hwakafanana nehwekotoni, asi kukurumidza kupisa kweviscose fiber kunomhanya zvishoma kupfuura iyo yekotoni fiber, ine madota mashoma.Dzimwe nguva hazvisi nyore kuchengetedza chimiro chayo chepakutanga, uye viscose fiber inoburitsa kamutsindo kadiki kana ichitsva.
⑥ Acetate fiber, ine kukurumidza kupisa kumhanya, sparks, kunyunguduka uye kupisa panguva imwe chete, uye acrid vhiniga inonhuhwirira kana ichitsva;Nyunguduka nekupisa uchisiya murazvo;Grey yakasviba, inopenya uye isina kukwana, iyo inogona kupwanyika neminwe.
⑦ Copper ammonia fiber, kutsva nekukurumidza, kusanyungudika, kusadonha, nekunhuhwirira kwepepa rinopisa;Siya murazvo uye ramba uchipisa nekukurumidza;Dota racho rine grey kana kuti grey white.
⑧ Nylon, kana iri pedyo nemurazvo, inoita kuti fiber ideredze.Mushure mekusangana nemurazvo, iyo fiber inokurumidza kupera uye inonyunguduka kuita yakajeka colloidal chinhu chine mabhuru madiki.
⑨ Acrylic fiber, kunyunguduka uye kupisa panguva imwe chete, kupisa nokukurumidza;Murazvo wakachena, wakajeka uye une simba, dzimwe nguva utsi hutema hushoma;Kune kunhuwa kwehove kana kunhuwa kwakafanana nekupisa tara yemarasha;Siya murazvo woramba uchipfuta, asi kukurumidza kupisa kunononoka;Madota ibwe dema dema risingaenzaniswi brittle ball, zviri nyore kumonyorora neminwe yako.
⑩ Vinylon, kana ichitsva, fiber inoderera nekukurumidza, inopisa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye murazvo wacho muduku zvikuru, anenge asina utsi;Kana huwandu hukuru hwefiber hwanyungudutswa, murazvo mukuru wakasviba weyero uchagadzirwa nemabhuru madiki;Kunhuhwirira kwakakosha kwecalcium carbide gasi pakutsva;Siya murazvo uye ramba uchipisa, dzimwe nguva uchizvidzima;Madota ibhiza diki dema dema risingaite fragile, rinogona kumonwa neminwe.
⑪ Polypropylene faibha, ichiri crimping, ichinyunguduka, ichipisa zvishoma nezvishoma;Kune marimi eblue anopenya, utsi hutema, uye colloidal zvinhu zvinodonha;Kunhuwa kwakafanana nekupisa parafini;Siya murazvo uye ramba uchipisa, dzimwe nguva uchizvidzima;Madota haawanzo uye akaoma, akajeka, uye haasi nyore kumonyorora neminwe.
⑫ Chlorine fiber, yakaoma kupisa;Nyunguduka uye kupisa mumurazvo, ichibudisa utsi hutema;Kana uchisiya murazvo, uchadzima pakarepo uye haugoni kuramba uchipfuta;Pane kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kweklorini kana kupisa;Madota ivhu risingaenzaniswi rakasvibira rakasviba rakaoma, izvo zvisiri nyore kumonyorora neminwe.
⑬ Spandex, padhuze nemurazvo, inotanga yawedzera kuita denderedzwa, yozodzikira nekunyunguduka;Nyunguduka uye kupisa mumurazvo, kukurumidza kupisa kunononoka, uye murazvo une yero kana bhuruu;Nyunguduka paunenge uchipisa kana uchisiya murazvo, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuzvidzima;Special pungent hwema pakupisa;Ash chinhu chichena chinonamira block.
3.Density gradient nzira
Iyo yekuzivisa maitiro e density gradient nzira ndeyekutevera: chekutanga, gadzirira density gradient mhinduro nekusanganisa nemazvo marudzi maviri ezvinwiwa zvinorema uye zvinorema zvine density dzakasiyana dzinogona kusanganiswa neimwe.Kazhinji, xylene inoshandiswa semvura yakareruka uye kabhoni tetrachloride inoshandiswa semvura inorema.Nekupararira, mamorekuru emvura akareruka uye mamorekuru emvura anorema anopararira pane chinongedzo chezvinwiwa zviviri, kuitira kuti mvura yakasanganiswa igadzire density gradient mhinduro ine inoenderera ichichinja kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi mudensity gradient chubhu.Shandisa yakajairwa density mabhora kuyera density values pahurefu hwega hwega.Zvadaro, iyo fiber yemucheka ichaedzwa ichave yakatemerwa nekudzikisa, kuomeswa, nezvimwe, uye kugadzirwa kuita mabhora madiki.Mabhora madiki anozoiswa mudensity gradient chubhu ichichinjana, uye density kukosha kwefiber ichayerwa nekuenzaniswa neyakajairwa density yefiber, kuitira kuti uone rudzi rwefiber.Nekuda kwekuti density gradient fluid ichachinja nekushanduka kwetembiricha, tembiricha ye density gradient fluid inofanirwa kugara yakagadzikana panguva yekuyedzwa.
4.Microscopy
Nekutarisa longitudinal morphology yemucheka fibers pasi pemaikorosikopu, tinogona kusiyanisa mapoka makuru ayo ndeawo;Iro zita chairo refiber rinogona kutsanangurwa nekucherechedza muchinjika-chikamu morphology yemucheka fiber.
5.Dissolution nzira
Kune machira akachena emucheka, imwe denderedzwa yemakemikari reagents ichawedzerwa kune yekuyedza chubhu ine machira machira anozoonekwa panguva yekuzivikanwa, uyezve kunyungudika kwemachira machira (akanyungudika, akanyungudika zvishoma, akanyungudika zvishoma, asinganyungudika) achaonekwa uye zvakanyatsosiyaniswa, uye kutonhora kwavanenge vakanyungudutswa (kunyungudutswa pakupisa kwekamuri, kunyungudutswa nekupisa, kunyungudutswa nekubika) inofanira kunyorwa zvakanyatsonaka.
Kune jira rakasanganiswa, zvinodikanwa kupatsanura jira kuita machira emucheka, wobva waisa machira emucheka pagirazi slide ine concave pamusoro, kubhedhenura mafiber, kudonhedza kemikari reagents, uye kutarisa pasi pe microscope kuona kuparara kwechikamu fiber uye. sarudza rudzi rwefiber.
Nekuti kusungirirwa uye tembiricha yemakemikari zvinonyungudutsa zvine pesvedzero iri pachena pakunyungudika kwemucheka fiber, iko kusungirirwa uye tembiricha yekemikari reagent inofanira kunyatsodzorwa pakuona machira emucheka nenzira yekunyungudika.
6.Reagent coloring nzira
Reagent dyeing nzira inzira yekukurumidza kuona machira machira emhando zvichienderana neakasiyana ekudhaya zvimiro zveakasiyana machira machira kune mamwe makemikari reagents.Reagent coloring nzira inongoshanda kune isina kudhayiwa kana yakachena spun yarn nemachira.Coloured textile fibers kana machira emucheka anofanirwa kunge ari kufambira mberi decolorized.
7.Melting point nzira
Iyo yekunyungudika nzira yakavakirwa pane akasiyana ekunyunguduka maitiro eakasiyana ekugadzira fibers.Iyo yekunyungudika inoyerwa nemamita ekunyungudika, kuitira kuti uone marudzi emachira emachira.Mafibhi akawanda ekugadzira haana painonyungudika.Iyo yekunyunguduka kweiyo yakafanana synthetic fiber haisi iyo yakagadziriswa kukosha, asi iyo inonyunguduka yakanyatsogadziriswa mune yakamanikana renji.Naizvozvo, mhando yefiber yakagadzirwa inogona kutariswa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekunyungudika.Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekuziva mafibhi ekugadzira.Iyi nzira haingoshandiswe chete, asi inoshandiswa senzira yekubatsira yekuongorora mushure mekuzivikanwa kwekutanga.Inongoshanda kune yakachena synthetic fiber machira pasina kunyunguduka kuramba kurapwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-17-2022